Práticas relacionais dos enfermeiros com a família numa unidade de cuidados intensivos cardíacos / Relational practices of nurses with families in a cardiac intensive care unit / Prácticas relacionales del personal de enfermería con la familia en una unidad de cuidados intensivos cardíacos

Resumo Enquadramento: O cuidado centrado na família é uma abordagem que atende às necessidades e valores de cada família. Objetivo: Conhecer a perceção dos enfermeiros da Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Cardíacos (UCIC) de um Centro Hospitalar da Zona Norte de Portugal (CHZNP) sobre as Práticas Relacionais dos Enfermeiros com a Família em Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos (PREFUCI). Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, correlacional e transversal. Amostra constituída por 26 enfermeiros, 65,4% (n = 17) do sexo feminino. Usamos as escalas PREFUCI-Importância e PREFUCI-Frequência. Resultados: A prática "Disponibilizar-se para esclarecer dúvidas aos familiares" foi a mais escolhida pelos participantes como Totalmente Importante e implementada Sempre. A média do score global da PREFUCI, obtido através da soma da pontuação dos 15 itens que compõem cada escala foi, 59,5 na escala Importância e 52,69 na escala Frequência. Conclusão: Os participantes revelaram uma atitude positiva face à importância das PREFUCI, no entanto, a frequência com que as implementam é moderada, verificando-se uma correlação positiva entre essas duas variáveis, que reflete a necessidade de operacionalização destas práticas.

Abstract Background: Family-centered care is an approach that addresses the needs and values of each family. Objective: To know the perceptions of nurses in the cardiac intensive care unit of a hospital center in northern Portugal about relational practices with families in an intensive care unit. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study with a sample of 26 nurses, 65.4% (n = 17) female. The PREFUCI-Importance and PREFUCI-Frequency scales were used. Results: The practice of "being available to clarify doubts to family members" was the practice most frequently rated by participants as Totally important and implemented Always. The mean PREFUCI total score, calculated by summing the scores of the 15 items in each scale, was 59.5 on the importance scale and 52.69 on the frequency scale. Conclusion: Participants showed positive attitudes toward the importance of PREFUCI. However, the frequency of implementation is moderate, with a positive correlation between these two variables, reflecting the need to operationalize these practices.

Resumen Marco contextual: La atención centrada en la familia es un enfoque que responde a las necesidades y los valores de cada familia. Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de los enfermeros de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardíacos (UCIC) de un centro hospitalario de la zona norte de Portugal (CHZNP) sobre las Prácticas Relacionales de los Enfermeros y la Familia en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (PREFUCI). Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. Muestra compuesta por 26 enfermeros, el 65,4% (n = 17) del sexo femenino. Se usaron las escalas PREFUCI-Importancia y PREFUCI-Frecuencia. Resultados: La práctica "Estar disponible para responder a las preguntas de los familiares" fue la más elegida por los participantes como Totalmente Importante y aplicada Siempre. La media de la puntuación global de la PREFUCI, obtenida a través de la suma de la puntuación de los 15 ítems que componen cada escala fue 59,5 en la escala Importancia y 52,69 en la escala Frecuencia. Conclusión: Los participantes mostraron una actitud positiva hacia la importancia de las PREFUCI, sin embargo, la frecuencia con la que las aplican es moderada, y existe una correlación positiva entre estas dos variables, lo que refleja la necesidad de operativizar estas prácticas.

Functional capacity and self-care profiles of older people in senior care homes.

The reduction of the functional capacity in older people is the result of physical, psychological and functional changes related to the ageing process, compromising the performance of daily life activities. Assessing their functional capacity and their self-care profile can facilitate the planning of targeted strategies related to stimulation, as well as cognitive and motor rehabilitation. This study aims to evaluate and analyse the functional capacity, as well as the level of dependence in self-care of older people in senior care centres. This is a transversal exploratory study, quantitative in nature. The sample was comprised of 313 participants, randomly selected from a set of senior care centres, with an average age of 83.41 (SD=7.14) years, recruited from the interior North of Portugal. The data collection instruments included the Barthel Index, the Lawton and Brody Scale, the Evaluation Form of Dependence in Self-care, the Self-care of Home Dwelling Elderly (self-care subscale profiles) and a questionnaire on demographic data. The elderly showed several levels of dependence on different self-care items. It was possible to observe that the staff often replaces the elderly in many of the tasks that could still be performed by them, and thus aggravates their levels of dependence. The link observed between functional capacity and self-care profiles highlights the need to focus on the notion of a healthy and active ageing process, especially in some profiles. The monitoring of the functional capacity and the self-care profile can provide knowledge concerning the potential for autonomy and individual needs, thus enabling targeted and more responsive interventions for the individual and the real needs of older people.

The link between cognitive state and general self-esteem among institutionalized elderly persons: can health condition serve as a mediating factor? / Associação entre estado cognitivo e autoestima global em idosos institucionalizados: será a condição de saúde um mediador?

Abstract Objective: to assess whether the health condition of an elderly person can serve as a mediating factor between the cognitive state and general self-esteem of the institutionalized elderly. Method: a quantitative, cross-sectional correlational study was performed, based on the path analysis technique.The following instruments were used for data collection: the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, the Mini Nutritional Evaluation and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: the sample was composed of 312 elderly patients of both genders (112 men and 200 women), with an average age of 83.39 (+7.09) years. Most of the elderly persons were widowed, with a low educational level, and had been institutionalized in Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly for on average 54.6 (+51.69) months. The mediating factor of health condition renders the link between the cognitive state and self-esteem of the elderly null. However, the analysis of the decomposition of the effects showed a significant indirect effect between the cognitive state and health condition. The total effect of cognitive state on the health condition of the elderly is significant, positive and direct. Conclusion: based on the results of this study we maintain that cognitive changes can affect the nutritional state and physical balance of the institutionalized elderly. AU

Resumo Objetivo: testar se a condição de saúde da pessoa idosa é mediadora na associação entre o estado cognitivo e a autoestima global de idosos institucionalizados. Método: estudo de natureza quantitativa, transversal do tipo correlacional, recorreu à análise de caminhos. Na recolha de dados utilizaram-se as versões portuguesas dos seguintes instrumentos: Mini-Mental State Examination, Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessement, Miniavaliação Nutricional e a Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Resultados: a amostra foi constituída por 312 idosos de ambos os gêneros (112 homens e 200 mulheres), com média etária de 83,39 (±7,09) anos. A maioria dos idosos eram viúvos, com baixa escolaridade, institucionalizados em Equipamentos Residenciais para Pessoas Idosas em média há 54,60 (±51,69) meses. Não se confirmou a mediação da condição de saúde na associação entre estado cognitivo e autoestima nos idosos. Contudo, a análise da decomposição dos efeitos indicou a existência de um efeito significativo indireto do estado cognitivo na autoestima e na condição de saúde. O efeito total do estado cognitivo na condição de saúde dos idosos é significativo, positivo e direto. Conclusão: os resultados desse estudo permitem-nos afirmar que as alterações cognitivas podem afetar o estado nutricional e o equilíbrio corporal dos idosos institucionalizados. AU

Self-care profiles of the elderly institutionalized in Elderly Care Centres.

The concept of self-care in the elderly has been frequently associated with autonomy, independence and personal accountability. Self-care practices are a result of individual lifestyles and paths adapted to the circumstances and expectations of the elderly. Based on the model by Backman and Hentinen (1999), the present study attempts to categorically describe the types of self-care of the elderly. This is an exploratory study, transversal, of a quantitative nature. The sample was comprised of 313 participants, randomly selected among Elderly Care Centres in the interior North of Portugal. The Portuguese version of Self-care of Home Dwelling Elderly was used for data collection. The results call for a replication of the study, using the theoretical derivation of the four self-care profiles (responsible, formally guided, independent and abandoned).

Perfil funcional de los ancianos institucionalizados en residencias: estudio piloto / Functional profile of institutionalized elderly patients in residential care: A pilot study

Contexto: Los problemas de autonomía e independencia de las personas provocan, frecuentemente, que su ingreso en una institución sea un hecho habitual y recurrente. Objetivo: Conocer el perfil funcional de los ancianos que viven en instituciones geriátricas, en una ciudad de Trás-os-Montes. Metodología: Este es un estudio de carácter exploratorio que utilizó la estadística descriptiva con el fin de definir los perfiles de las personas mayores en estudio. La investigación contó con una muestra de 82 sujetos. Instrumentos: Mini-Mental State Examination; Formulario de Evaluación de la Dependencia de Autocuidado; Índice de Barthel; Escala de Lawton y Brody, y un Formulario de evaluación del estado de salud. Resultados: Los ancianos que viven en residencias son, en su mayoría, mujeres, con una edad media de 81,8 años y viudos, con bajo nivel de escolarización y que presentan un promedio de estancia en la institución de 21,5 meses. En cuanto al estado cognitivo, el 68,3% (56) manifiesta algún déficit cognitivo. Dependen de todos los autocuidados el 12,7% de la muestra, y el 22,27% necesita ayuda de personas o aparatos. Casi todos (95,1%) requieren asistencia para preparar y tomar los medicamentos prescritos, teniendo en cuenta que el 69,6% de las personas mayores presentan cambios en el estado nutricional y el 79,3%, problemas articulatorios de los miembros. También el 62,2% tiene problemas de eliminación, incluyendo la incontinencia urinaria, y el 30,5%, problemas de estreñimiento. Conclusiones: Los ancianos residentes en instituciones geriátricas presentan problemas que requieren la atención básica de la salud, por lo que se considera de extrema importancia la necesidad de desarrollar modelos de intervención en enfermería que promuevan el autocuidado, la independencia y la autonomía

Context: The loss of autonomy and independence among the elderly contribute to an increase in the rate of institutional care. Objectives: To develop a functional profile of the elderly residing in residential care facilities in the surrounding region of a town in the Trás-os-Montes region. Methodology: This is an exploratory study using descriptive statistics to establish the profile of the elderly involved in the study. The research was based on a convenience sample of 82 subjects. Instruments: Mini-Mental State Examination; Self-Care Evaluation Form; Barthel Index; Lawton and Brody Scale and a Health Evaluation Form. Results: The elderly who are in residential care are primarily widowed women, with an average age of 81.8, and with a low level of education, who reside in these institutions for an average of 21.5 months. In terms of their cognition, 68.3% (56) show a cognitive deficit, while 12.7% are dependent on all aspects of self-care, and 22.27% need assistance from someone or from some type of equipment. Nearly all the subjects, 95.1%, require assistance to prepare and to take medication prescribed to them. It is important to note that 69.6% of the elderly show changes in their nutritional state and that 79.3% have a limited range of motion. In addition, 62.2% have elimination problems, especially urinary incontinence, while 30.5% have constipation problems. Conclusions: The institutionalized elderly experience problems related to basic health care, highlighting the need to create intervention plans to promote self-care, independence and autonomy